Șeful Iosif în propriile sale cuvinte

Harry Morgan
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Geronimo. Cochise. Starea taurului. Nor roșu. Cal nebun. Șef Iosif. Dintre marii șefi și războinici nativi americani, care reprezentau vitejie, leadership, forță și îndemânare militară, șeful Iosif era cunoscut pentru inima sa.

La 5 octombrie 1877, discursul său, în timp ce se predea generalului Howard, l-a imortalizat în istoria americană pentru totdeauna:

"M-am săturat să mă lupt. Șefii noștri sunt uciși. Uitarea sticlei este moartă. Toohoolhoolzote este mort. Bătrânii sunt morți. Tinerii sunt cei care spun, 'da' sau 'Nu.' Cel care i-a condus pe tinerii [Olikut] este mort. Este frig și nu avem pături. Copiii mici îngheață până la moarte. Oamenii mei, unii dintre ei, au fugit pe dealuri și nu au pături, nici mâncare. Nimeni nu știe unde se află & # x2014; poate înghețat până la moarte. Vreau să am timp să îmi caut copiii, și să văd câți dintre ei pot găsi. Poate îi voi găsi printre morți. Ascultă-mă, șefii mei! Sunt obosit. Inima mea este bolnavă și tristă. De unde stă soarele acum nu voi mai lupta pentru totdeauna ”.

Chief Joseph, circa 1880. (Foto: MPI / Getty Images)

Șeful Iosif nu a ajuns niciodată să se întoarcă în patrie, așa cum i s-a promis. Totuși, în ciuda faptului că tribul său a murit de boală și la mâinile omului alb, nu a renunțat niciodată să fie conștiința poporului său. Nu a renunțat niciodată la speranța că într-o bună zi, americanii autohtoni vor obține libertatea și egalitatea.

În 1904, șeful Iosif a murit, potrivit medicului său, de o inimă frântă.

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Remote and rugged <a href=https://v2-eigenlayer.net>eigenlayer</a> A more organic way to see this coast is by the multi-day coastal ferry, the long-running Sarfaq Ittuk, of the Arctic Umiaq Line. It’s less corporate than the modern cruise ships and travelers get to meet Inuit commuters. Greenland is pricey. Lettuce in a local community store might cost $10, but this coastal voyage won’t break the bank. The hot ticket currently for exploring Greenland’s wilder side is to head to the east coast facing Europe. It’s raw and sees far fewer tourists, with a harshly dramatic coastline of fjords where icebergs drift south. There are no roads and the scattered population of just over 3,500 people inhabit a coastline roughly the distance from New York to Denver. A growing number of small expedition vessels probe this remote coast for its frosted scenery and wildlife. Increasingly popular is the world’s largest fjord system of Scoresby Sound with its sharp-fanged mountains and hanging valleys choked by glaciers. Sailing north is the prosaically named North East Greenland National Park, fabulous for spotting wildlife on the tundra. Travelers come to see polar bears which, during the northern hemisphere’s summer, move closer to land as the sea-ice melts. There are also musk oxen, great flocks of migrating geese, Arctic foxes and walrus. Some of these animals are fair game for the local communities. Perhaps Greenland’s most interesting cultural visit is to a village that will take longer to learn how to pronounce than actually walk around — Ittoqqortoormiit. Five hundred miles north of its neighboring settlement, the 345 locals are frozen in for nine months of the year. Ships sail in to meet them during the brief summer melt between June and August. Locked in by ice, they’ve retained traditional habits. “My parents hunt nearly all their food,” said Mette Barselajsen, who owns Ittoqqortoormiit’s only guesthouse. “They prefer the old ways, burying it in the ground to ferment and preserve it. Just one muskox can bring 440 pounds of meat.”